Connector device

ABSTRACT

An adapter for use in connecting a vacuum source with a breast shield is disclosed including a housing with at least one female coupling component formed therein, at least one male coupling component that is adapted to attach to a tube at one end for conveying pressure from the vacuum source, while the other end is sized and shaped to be received in the female coupling component. A passageway extends between the first end and the second end of the male coupling component for conveying the pressure. The female coupling component is defined therein by an interior sidewall that has a channel formed therein open to the female coupling component at least somewhere along the interior sidewall. When the male coupling component is inserted in the female coupling component, a sealing portion of the male coupling component engages the interior sidewall surface such that ambient air is prevented from entering the channel and disrupting optimal vacuum pressure.

This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.60/397,439 filed Jul. 19, 2002.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed generally to breast pump assemblies and, moreparticularly, to an improved adapter for use within a breast pumpassembly.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Breast pump assemblies for extracting or expressing breast milk from awoman's breasts for later use to feed by an infant, have been availablefor years. Typically, these breast pump assemblies include a source ofreduced pressure or vacuum, and at least one milking unit, which isincludes a funnel-shaped hood, or breast shield, and a storagecontainer. The breast shield is placed over the women's nipple and asubstantial portion of the breast. A reduced pressure or vacuum isintermittently generated in the breast shield in a manner that causesmilk to be expressed from the breast. The milk then typically flows tothe storage container for later use. Although vacuum is what istypically employed in the operation of a breast pump assembly, positivepressure may also be conveyed in desired applications.

Generally, two types of breast pump assemblies have been marketed foruse by nursing women: manually operated breast pump assemblies; andmotor-driven breast pump assemblies. In manually operated breast pumpassemblies, the intermittent vacuum is typically generated by means of apiston type pump. The piston pump generally includes a piston cylinder,which is connected to the breast shield, and a piston, slidably disposedwithin the piston cylinder. The piston has a hand-drivable piston rodconnected thereto by which a person operating the breast pump assemblycan manually move the piston back and forth within the piston cylinder,thus generating the vacuum. The intermittent vacuum in motor-drivenbreast pump assemblies is typically generated by a similar piston pump,but the piston pump is connected to an electrically powered motor driveunit, and the motor drive unit moves the piston back and forth withinthe piston cylinder. There is a breast pump assembly sold by Medela,Inc. under the mark LACTINA®, which has a motor drive unit adapted foroperating a piston pump which could otherwise be used for a manuallyoperated breast pump assembly. An example of this manual, yet alsomotorized breast pump assembly is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,007,899(“the '899 patent”). The motor drive unit is separate from the breastshield. The vacuum generated when the motor drive unit moves the pistonback and forth within the piston cylinder is transmitted to the breastshield through plastic tubing, which is connected to both the breastshield and the piston pump. The plastic tubing is often connected to thepiston pump and/or the breast shield by use of an adapter. Because ofthe transfer of air throughout the breast pump assembly, the adaptermust provide an airtight seal. Additionally, the user should be able toeasily manipulate the adapter.

In the type of breast pump assembly disclosed in the '899 patent, wherethe breast shield can be used in a manual or a motorized mode, thebreast shields and their pumps must be precisely matched in order toprovide a safe and efficiently operating unit. The piston pumps usedwith the '899 patent breast pump assembly are, for example, preciselytuned to the operational function of the breast shield used therewith,as, for instance, concerning the volume of air moved in the cyclicalaction of the pump. Use of a different pump or breast shield canadversely affect the use of the subject breast pump assembly.

Accordingly, there is a demand for an adapter that provides a means forprecisely matching breast shields and corresponding pumps. The presentinvention satisfies this demand.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved adapterfor use in a breast pump assembly that not only provides an airtightseal, but also serves as a means to prevent connection of unmatched andpotentially deleterious components.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved femalecoupling component for use in the above-mentioned adapter.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved malecoupling component for use in the above-mentioned adapter.

An additional object of the present invention is to provide a novelmethod of engaging male and female coupling components of an adapter,which provides an airtight seal and prevents connection of unmatched andpotentially deleterious components.

One embodiment of the present invention provides an adapter for use inconnecting a motor driven piston pump—that is, a fluid pressure orvacuum source with a breast pump assembly. The adapter comprises in parta cap portion, which searingly engages a piston cylinder of the pistonpump. The cap portion defines, in part, a vacuum chamber therein whichcommunicates with the interior of the piston cylinder and a lower wellof the female coupling component, described in more detail hereinafter.

The adapter further comprises a male coupling component including alongitudinal axis having a first end and a second end. The male couplingcomponent can be removably or fixedly attached at its first end to atube for conveying the fluid pressure from the fluid pressure source. Apassageway extends between the first end and the second end for furtherconveying the fluid pressure. A radially outwardly extending sealingportion is formed on an exterior surface of the male coupling componentspaced from the second end.

The adapter further comprises a female coupling component sized andshaped for receiving the male coupling component. The female couplingcomponent includes upper surfaces and lower surfaces, and a rim surface.The upper surface and the lower surface are sized and shaped such thatthe female coupling component can receive the male coupling componenttherein.

The upper surface of the female coupling component defines an upper wellhaving a first general diameter. The upper well is sized and shaped tomatch the size and shape of the radially outwardly extending sealingportion. When the male coupling component is received in the femalecoupling component, the sealing portion of the male coupling componentis received in the upper well. Because the upper well matches the sizeand shape of the radially outwardly extending sealing portion, when thesealing portion of the male coupling component is received in the upperwell, the upper surface engages a sealing surface of the sealing portionto form an airtight seal.

The lower surface of the female coupling component defines a lower wellwith a second general diameter, which is less than the first generaldiameter of the upper well. The lower well is sized and shaped toreceive the second end of the male coupling component therein. The lowerwell is connected to the upper well by a rim surface. A channel isformed in the lower surface of the female coupling component. Thechannel includes an opening in the rim surface and is open at least atone point along the lower surface. The lower surface also includes aport therein which allows communication between the lower well and thevacuum chamber.

When the upper surface and the sealing surface of the sealing portionare searingly engaged, ambient air is prevented from being drawn intothe female coupling component, thereby permitting the pump to work atits optimal operating vacuum. When an unmatched male coupling componentis used, ambient air is drawn into the upper well and is transmittedinto the lower well through the channel, and then through the port, intothe vacuum chamber, thus preventing the breast pump assembly fromworking at its optimal operating vacuum. Therefore, use of unmatchedcomponents can be potentially harmful.

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will befurther understood upon consideration of the following detaileddescription of an embodiment of the present invention, taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a preferred embodiment of a breastpump assembly of the kind incorporating the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an adapter, in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIG. 3A is an overhead view of the adapter of FIG. 2;

FIG. 3B is a perspective view of a second embodiment of an adapter;

FIG. 4 is another perspective view of the adapter of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 a cross-sectional view of the adapter of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6A is an overhead perspective of one embodiment of a femalecoupling component, used in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6B is an overhead perspective of a second embodiment of a femalecoupling component, used in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 7 is another overhead perspective of a female coupling component,used in accordance with the present invention, showing a connectorentering the coupling component;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a pair of male coupling components, asused in the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the male coupling components of FIG.8;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of another pair of male couplingcomponent, as used in the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the male coupling components ofFIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of another male coupling component, asused in the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the male coupling components ofFIG. 12; and

FIG. 14A is a perspective view of a stopper as used in accordance withthe present invention;

FIG. 14B is a perspective view of a stopper as used in accordance withthe present invention;

FIG. 14C is a perspective view of a stopper as used in accordance withthe present invention; and

FIG. 14D is a perspective view of a stopper as used in accordance withthe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

FIG. 1 illustrates, generally, the usage of one embodiment of thepresent invention within a breast pump assembly. One embodiment of abreast pump assembly 20 is shown in FIG. 1, and includes two milkingunits 22 and a motor drive unit 24. Each milking unit 22 includes abreast shield 26 and a container 28, such as a bottle, for collectingand storing the breast milk, which is connected to the lower portion ofthe breast shield 26. The milking units 22 are adapted to be used with apiston pump 30. A piston cylinder 32 of the piston pump 30 isconnectable to the breast shield 26 to operate the milking unit 22 in amanually driven mode (i.e., the piston pump is reciprocated by hand).The piston cylinder 32 can be connected to the breast shield 26directly, or by way of tubes 44 which can be attached to a tubeattaching means (not shown) on the breast shield 26. Details of thistype of breast pump assembly and the piston pump can be gleaned fromU.S. Pat. Nos. 4,929,229 and 4,857,051.

The motor drive unit 24 is also adapted to receive and hold and tomechanically operate the piston pump 30. The motor drive unit 24 issubstantially as shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,007,899.

An improved cylinder holder, or adapter 34 of the present invention isattachable to the casing 36 of the motor drive unit 24. The pistoncylinder 32 is received in the adapter 34. A piston 33, having a pistonrod 38 extending therefrom, is slidably disposed within the pistoncylinder 32 and the piston rod 38 is releasably held at one end of anarm 40. Arm 40 is mounted at its other end to the casing 36 of the motordrive unit 24 for reciprocal movement of the piston rod 38. As will bedescribed in detail below, the adapter 34 includes female couplingcomponents 42 (See FIGS. 3A and 3B) for removably connecting tubes 44 tothe breast shields 26 of the respective milking units 22, via malecoupling components 50 (See FIG. 2).

In brief, the motor drive unit 24 reciprocally moves the piston rod 38,thus moving the piston 33 back and forth within the piston cylinder 32.A rearward stroke of the piston rod 38 and thereby piston 33, that is,such that the piston 33 is moved to a position where it is partiallyexposed from the cylinder 32, generates a pressure change (usually anegative pressure) that is transmitted through the adapter 34 and thetubes 44 to one or both of the milking units 22.

As seen in FIGS. 2-5, the adapter 34 of the present invention includes acap portion 46 that is match-threaded at 48 for substantially airtightattachment to the piston cylinder 32. FIG. 5 shows that the inside ofthe cap portion 46 of one embodiment of the invention includes a sealring 47 disposed therein for sealing engagement with the piston cylinder32. The cap portion 46, defines in part, a vacuum chamber 52 thatcommunicates with the interior of the piston cylinder 32 and, throughports 54 with the interior of the female coupling components 42.

Further, the adapter 34 includes a post 56 that is removably receivedwithin a post hole (not shown) in the casing 36 to mount the adapter 34to the motor drive unit 24. FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 4 show that the exteriorsidewall 46A of the cap portion 46 includes a flange 51. The flange 51slides into an enlarged slot (also not shown) when the post 56 isinserted in the post hole and the adapter 34 rotated into place (in asimilar manner as described in the '899 patent). Other means formounting the adapter to the casing can be readily employed, of course.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 3A, and 3B, adapter 34 generally includes femalecoupling components 42. The female coupling components 42 are sized andshaped to snugly receive mating male coupling components 50 (discussedin further detail below and shown in FIGS. 8-13), which are removably orfixedly attached to the ends of the tubes 44. This arrangement serves toprovide an easily manipulated secure connection of the tubes 44 to theports 54 in the female coupling components 42. For brevity, discussionwill center on a single female coupling component 42, but it isunderstood that the coupling components 42 contain identical elements.

Referring to FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 5-8, the female coupling component 42includes an upper surface 68, a lower surface 70, a bottom surface 72,and a rim surface 74. The upper surface 68 is sized and shaped to definean upper well 66 therein (FIG. 5). The lower surface 70 is sized andshaped to define a lower well 67 therein (FIG. 5). The lower surface 70has a port 54 therein, through which air, or any fluid, can pass fromthe lower well 67 to the vacuum chamber 52, or vice versa. A channel 76is formed in the lower surface 70 and is in communication with the port54.

The upper well 66 has a diameter D1. The lower well 67 has a diameterD2. Diameter D1 is greater than diameter D2. The upper well 66 isconnected to the lower well 67 by the rim surface 74. The channel 76extends from an opening 78 in the rim surface 74 to the bottom surface72 and is open to the lower well 67 at one or more points along thelower surface 70.

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate overhead detailed schematics of twoembodiments of a female coupling component 42. The bottom surface 72 ofthe lower well 67 has at least one radially extending groove 80 formedtherein. The groove 80 is in fluid communication with the channel 76formed in the lower surface 70 and is open to the lower well 67 at oneor more points along the bottom surface 72.

The upper well 66 is sized and shaped to receive and thereby provide asnug fit with the male coupling component 50. As depicted in oneembodiment, the upper well 66 comprises a generally polygonal orslightly rounded triangular shape. It is understood however, that theupper well 66 can be of any shape provided it is sized to match asealing portion 88 of a male coupling component 50 as will be describedin further detail hereinafter.

Referring again to FIGS. 3A and 3B, adapter 34 also includes a stoppermount 58A, 58B and a stopper rest 60. Additionally, the stopper mount58A further includes an aperture surface 62A, 62B that defines anaperture 64. As shown in FIG. 3A, the aperture surface 62A may extendoutward from the adapter 34 such that stopper mount 58A is sized andshaped as an elevated cylinder. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3B,aperture surface 62B may extend inward into the adapter 34 such thatstopper mount 58B is a well within the adapter 34. In accordance withone embodiment of the present invention, stopper mount 58A, 58B receivesa mounting end 98A, 98B of stopper 96A, 96B (see FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C and14D) thereon, to mount the stopper 96A, 96B on the adapter 34.

The stopper 96A, 96B is shown generally in FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C and 14D.Plug 100A, 100B of stopper 96A, 96B may be placed, when not in use as astopper, in the stopper rest 60. Preferably, stopper 96A, 96B is used to“cut off” one of multiple female coupling components 42 in the eventthat the user wishes to only utilize one of the milking units 22.Additionally, stopper 96A, 96B may include gripping ridges 102 on a topsurface 101 as depicted in FIG. 14C.

As shown in FIG. 2, stopper rest 60 is similar in shape and size, to theupper well 66. The purpose for this is that the plug 100A, 100B of thestopper 96A, 96B is shaped similarly to a sealing portion 88 (see FIG.8) to snugly fit into the stopper rest 60 (when not is use), and theupper well 66 of the female coupling component 42 (when in use).

As discussed earlier, tubes 44 are attached to male coupling components50, which in turn may be inserted into corresponding female couplingcomponents 42. This arrangement serves to provide an easilymanipulatable and secure connection of tubes 44, via male couplingcomponents 50, to adapter 34.

FIGS. 8-9 illustrate various perspectives of one embodiment of a malecoupling component 50. As shown in detail in FIG. 8, male couplingcomponent 50 is shown with a first end 82 to which a tube 44 isattached, and a second end 84. A passageway 86 extends through the malecoupling component 50 between the first end 82 and the second end 84 forconveying the fluid pressure. Additionally, the connector 50 includes aradially outwardly extending sealing portion 88 formed on the malecoupling component 50 between the first end 82 and the second end 84 andspaced from the second end 84. As shown in FIG. 8, the sealing portion88 can be of a generally polygonal or slightly rounded triangular shape.It is understood, however, that the sealing portion 88 can be of anyshape, so long as it matches the shape of the upper well 66 of thefemale coupling component 42. The sealing portion 88 also has a sealingsurface 90 that includes at least one circumferential sealing ring 92thereon, which engages the upper surface 68 of the upper well 66 to forma substantially airtight seal such that ambient air is prevented fromentering the female coupling component 42. The upper surface 68 mayinclude at least one circumferential groove (not shown) therein thatengages with the circumferential sealing ring 92 to form thesubstantially airtight seal.

FIGS. 10-11 illustrate various perspectives of another embodiment of amale coupling component 150. As shown in detail in FIG. 10, malecoupling component 150 is shown with a first end 182 to which a vacuumtube 44 is attached, and a second end 184. A gripping portion 194surrounds the first end 182. FIGS. 10 &. 11 show that the grippingportion 194 has a slightly concaved exterior surface 196 and acylindrical interior surface 198 with a diameter D3 greater thandiameter D4 of the first end 182 such that a tube 44 can be attached tothe first end 182, yet snugly received within the interior surface 198of the gripping portion 194. A passageway 186 extends through the malecoupling component 150 between the first end 182 and the second end 184for conveying the fluid pressure. Additionally, the male couplingcomponent 150 includes a radially outwardly extending sealing portion188 formed on the male coupling component 150 between the first end 182and the second end 184, spaced from the second end 184. The sealingportion 188 can be of any shape so long as it is sized and shaped tomatch the size and shape of the upper well 66 of the female couplingcomponent 42, but is depicted as having a generally polygonal orslightly rounded triangular shape. The sealing portion 188 has a sealingsurface 190 that includes at least one circumferential sealing ring 192thereon, which engages the upper surface 68 of the upper well 66 to forma substantially airtight seal such that ambient air is prevented fromentering the female coupling component 42. The upper surface 68 mayinclude at least one circumferential groove (not shown) therein thatengages with the circumferential sealing ring 192 to form thesubstantially airtight seal.

FIGS. 12-13 illustrate various perspectives of yet another embodiment ofa male coupling component 250. As shown in detail in FIG. 12, malecoupling component 250 is shown with a first end 282 to which a tube 44is attached, and a second end 284. A passageway 286 extends through themale coupling component 250 between the first end 282 and the second end284 for conveying the fluid pressure. Additionally, the connector 250includes a radially outwardly extending sealing portion 288 formed onthe male coupling component 250 between the first end 282 and the secondend 284, spaced from the second end 284. The sealing portion 288 can beof any shape, so long as it is sized and shaped to match the size andshape of the upper well 66 of the female coupling component 42, but isdepicted as having a generally circular shape. The sealing portion 288has a sealing surface 290 that engages the upper surface 68 of the upperwell 66 to form a substantially airtight seal such that ambient air isprevented from entering the coupling component 42.

As a result of the unique design of the male coupling components 50 andthe female coupling components 42, described above, the presentinvention provides for a unique fit between the male coupling components50 and the female coupling components 42. This unique design assuresthat only this coupling component and connector will be successfullymated, thereby assuring that only properly matched equipment will beused.

It should be appreciated that the embodiments described above are to beconsidered in all respects only illustrative and not restrictive. Thescope of the invention is indicated by the following claims rather thanby the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaningand range of equivalents are to be embraced within their scope.

1. An adapter for connecting a vacuum source to a breast shield withtubing comprising: a housing attachable to the vacuum source includingan internal chamber in communication with the vacuum source; one or morefemale coupling components, each of said one or more female couplingcomponents defined by an interior sidewall surface of said housing, saidinterior sidewall surface including an upper well with a first sidewalldiameter and a lower well with a second sidewall diameter, said secondsidewall diameter being less than said first sidewall diameter, and arim portion between said upper well and said lower well connecting saidupper well and said lower well, said lower well including one or moreports formed therein allowing communication of said lower well with saidinternal chamber, and one or more channels formed therein communicatingbetween said port and an opening in said rim portion; and one or moremale coupling components, each of said one or more male couplingcomponents including a first end, a second end, and a passagewayextending between said first end and said second end, said first endbeing sized and shaped to be attached to the tubing, said second endbeing sized and shaped to be received in one of said one or more femalecoupling components and having a first end diameter, each of said one ormore male coupling components further including a sealing portionbetween said first end and said second end, said sealing portion havinga sealing surface formed about a periphery thereof, said sealing portionhaving a second end diameter, said second end diameter being greaterthan said first end diameter, said sealing portion being sized andshaped to be received in said upper well of said female couplingcomponent such that said connector sealing surface is in a substantiallyairtight engagement with said interior sidewall surface, and therebysealing said one or more channels from ambient air.
 2. The adapter ofclaim 1 wherein said channel is formed axially along said lower portion.3. The adapter of claim 1 wherein said one or more female couplingcomponents is further defined by a bottom surface of said housing. 4.The adapter of claim 3 wherein said bottom surface includes one or moregrooves formed therein communicating with said one or more channels. 5.The adapter of claim 3 wherein said lower portion includes three of saidone or more channels formed axially in said lower portion of saidinterior sidewall surface, said three channels being evenly spaced aboutsaid periphery of said lower portion of said interior sidewall surface,and said bottom surface includes three grooves formed radially therein,said grooves in said bottom surface being in respective communicationwith said one or more channels in said lower portion of said interiorsidewall surface.
 6. The adapter of claim 1 wherein two of said one ormore female coupling components are provided thereon, and two of saidone or more male coupling components are provided to be received in saidfemale coupling components, and further including a stopper, saidstopper being sized and shaped to sealably engage said upper portion ofeither of said two coupling components.
 7. The adapter of claim 6wherein said stopper includes an aperture formed therein such that whensaid stopper is engaged with said female coupling component, saidaperture extends between ambient atmosphere and said female couplingcomponent.
 8. The adapter of claim 1 wherein said upper portion includesa generally circular axial cross-section.
 9. The adapter of claim 8wherein said sealing portion includes a generally circular axialcross-section sized and shaped to match said cross-section of said upperportion.
 10. The adapter of claim 1 wherein said upper portion includesa generally polygonal axial cross-section.
 11. The adapter of claim 10wherein said sealing portion includes a generally polygonal axialcross-section sized and shaped to match said cross-section of said upperportion.
 12. The adapter of claim 1 wherein said upper portion includesa generally triangular axial cross-section, said upper portion havingthree arcuate sides.
 13. The adapter of claim 12 wherein said sealingportion includes a generally triangular axial cross-section, saidsealing portion including three arcuate sides, said sealing portionbeing sized and shaped to match said cross-section of said upperportion.
 14. The adapter of claim 1 wherein said sealing portionincludes at least one circumferential ring integrally molded thereon.15. The adapter of claim 14 wherein said upper portion includes at leastone circumferential groove therein, said circumferential ring beingsized and shaped to sealably engage with said circumferential groovewhen said sealing portion is received in said upper portion.
 16. Theadapter of claim 1 wherein the vacuum source is a piston pump having apiston cylinder, and a piston, said piston being disposed in said pistoncylinder, said adapter is in the form of a cylinder holder which isreceived on an output end of said piston cylinder, said piston pumpgenerating an intermittent vacuum through reciprocation of said pistonwith an interior of said piston cylinder, said piston cylinder having anend through which said piston extends in use.
 17. The adapter of claim 1wherein said second end of said male coupling component is sized andshaped to be received in said lower portion and in the breast shield.18. An adapter for connecting a vacuum source to a breast shield withintermittent vacuum thereby being generated in said breast shield toeffect expression of milk from a breast, comprising: a housingattachable to the vacuum source including an internal chamber incommunication with said vacuum source; one or more female couplingcomponents, each of said one or more female coupling components definedby an interior sidewall surface of said housing, said interior sidewallsurface including an upper well with a first sidewall diameter and alower well with a second sidewall diameter, and a rim portion betweensaid upper and lower wells connecting said upper and lower wells, saidsecond sidewall diameter being less than said first sidewall diameter,said lower well including one or more ports formed therein allowingcommunication of said female coupling component with said internalchamber, and one or more channels formed therein communicating betweensaid port and an opening in said rim portion; and one or more malecoupling components, each of said one or more male coupling componentsincluding a first end, a second end, and a passageway extending betweensaid first end and said second end, said first end being sized andshaped to be attached to a tubing, said second end being sized andshaped to be received in one of said one or more female couplingcomponents and having a first end diameter, each of said one or moremale coupling components further including a sealing portion betweensaid first end and said second end, said sealing portion having asealing surface formed about the periphery thereof, said sealing portionhaving a second end diameter, said second end diameter being greaterthan said first end diameter, said sealing portion being sized andshaped to be received in said upper portion of said female couplingcomponent such that said sealing surface is in a substantially airtightengagement with said interior sidewall surface, said sealing portionhaving at least one circumferential ring integrally molded thereon; anda stopper, said stopper being sized and shaped to be received in saidupper portion of said female coupling component such that said stopperis in a substantially airtight engagement with said interior sidewallsurface.
 19. The adapter of claim 18 wherein said channel is formedaxially along said lower portion.
 20. The adapter of claim 18 whereinsaid one or more female coupling component is further defined by abottom surface of said housing.
 21. The adapter of claim 20 wherein saidbottom surface includes one or more grooves formed radially thereincommunicating with said one or more channels.
 22. The adapter of claim21 wherein said lower portion includes three of said one or morechannels formed axially in said interior sidewall surface, said threechannels being evenly spaced about said lower portion of said interiorsidewall surface, said bottom surface includes three grooves formedradially therein, each of said grooves in said bottom surface being inrespective communication with each of said three channels in said lowerportion of said interior sidewall surface.
 23. The adapter of claim 18wherein two female coupling components are provided thereon forreceiving a respective male coupling component, and further including astopper, said stopper being sized and shaped to sealably engage saidupper portion of either of said two female coupling components.
 24. Theadapter of claim 23 wherein said stopper includes an aperture formedtherein such that when said stopper is engaged with said female couplingcomponent, said aperture extends between ambient atmosphere and saidfemale coupling component, said aperture being adapted to regulatevacuum pressure when only a single coupling component is in use, suchthat the vacuum generated is essentially the same for a given pistonstroke whether one or both coupling components are being used.
 25. Theadapter of claim 18 wherein said upper portion includes a generallycircular axial cross-section.
 26. The adapter of claim 23 wherein saidsealing portion includes a generally circular axial cross-section sizedand shaped to match said cross-section of said upper portion.
 27. Theadapter of claim 18 wherein said upper portion includes a generallypolygonal axial cross-section.
 28. The adapter of claim 27 wherein saidsealing portion includes a generally polygonal axial cross-section sizedand shaped to match said cross-section of said upper portion.
 29. Theadapter of claim 18 wherein said upper portion includes a generallytriangular axial cross-section, said upper portion having three arcuatesides.
 30. The adapter of claim 29 wherein said sealing portion includesa generally triangular axial cross-section, said sealing portion havingthree arcuate sides, said sealing portion being sized and shaped tomatch said cross-section of said upper portion.
 31. The adapter of claim18 wherein said upper portion includes at least one circumferentialgroove therein, said circumferential ring being sized and shaped tosealably engage with said circumferential groove when said sealingportion is received in said upper portion.
 32. The adapter of claim 18wherein said vacuum source is a piston pump including a piston cylinder,and a piston, said piston being disposed in said piston cylinder, saidadapter sized and shaped as a cylinder holder which is received on anoutput end of said piston cylinder, said piston pump generating anintermittent vacuum through reciprocation of said piston with interiorof said piston cylinder, said piston cylinder having an end throughwhich said piston extends in use.
 33. The adapter of claim 18 whereinsaid second end of said male coupling component is sized and shaped tobe received in said lower portion, and on the breast shield.